To compare the fresh QTL recognized within research having prior to now penned P. striiformis f. tritici opposition genes and you will datingranking.net/local-hookup/salt-lake-city QTL, also to obtain actual positions, brand new source succession and you will marker alignments of polymorphic SNP indicators and you may brand new SNP probes was lined up for the Chinese Springtime succession due to fun browse (IWGSC RefSeq v1.0; CS genome hereafter). The latest SNP probes was in fact plus blasted up against the Svevo genome sequences at the GrainGenes Svevo Genome Web browser (Durum Grain Svevo RefSeq Rel. 1.0; durum genome hereafter).
Phenotypic analysis.
Seedling tests with plants of susceptible and resistant RILs and of Svevo inoculated at different stages with the Israeli race (38E134) showed that plants were susceptible before the four-leaf stage but plants at the five-leaf stage began to show stripe rust resistance. Svevo at the five-leaf stage had IT 3 to 4, which was much lower than the IT of the most resistant RIL (Fig. 1A). To determine the broadness of the resistance in Svevo, six P. striiformis f. tritici races were used to inoculate Svevo together with susceptible control cultivars Zavitan, Falchetto, and MX169. The results showed that Svevo was susceptible (IT 8 to 9) to all six races (one from Israel and five from China) in the seedling tests but highly resistant (IT 1) in the adult-plant tests to all races. The susceptible parent, Zavitan, and MX169 and Falchetto were susceptible (IT 8 to 9) at both growth stages. Svevo had consistent IT 1 in the adult-plant stage under field conditions, whereas Zavitan, MX169, and Falchetto displayed IT 9 in all environments with a severity of 90 to 100% (Fig. 1B). The IT and DS values of the 137 RILs were in the range of 0 to 9 and 0 to 100%, respectively, indicating that resistance was quantitatively inherited (Fig. 2). In general, the ITs in Israel were higher for most of the lines than the ITs in China (Fig. 3). The broad-sense heritability of IT and DS was 0.91 and 0.92, respectively. Correlation coefficients (r) between IT and DS varied greatly between the 11 environments (r = 0.36 to 0.98) (Supplementary Table S1). The correlation coefficients were higher between the environments in China or in Israel but lower between environments in the two countries. In the pairwise comparison of the IT or DS, the values of r were all significant (P < 0.001) (Table 1), although the values of r between years were slightly lower than that within years. The ANOVA results based on both the IT and DS data showed that the interactions among the RILs, environments, and line–environment were significant (P < 0.01) (Table 2). No significant variation was detected among replications within each experiment, and the lines were the main source of high-heritability phenotypic variation.
Fig. step one. Stripe rust responses into seedling within amount off A good, 1 to 2, 2-3, and you can four or five simply leaves away from Svevo (SV), unwilling (R), and you will vulnerable (S) recombinant inbred contours and you may B, towards the flag makes of Mingxian 169 (MX169), Svevo, and you will Zavitan.
Fig. dos. Volume distributions away from indicate issues types (0 in order to 9) and you will state severities (0 to help you a hundred) for 137 recombinant inbred traces out-of get across Svevo ? Zavitan grown during the Asia and you may Israel when you look at the 2016 in order to 2018.
Overall performance
Fig. step three. Stripe rust ratings represented because of the mediocre issues variety of (IT) and you may situation severity (DS) out-of recombinant inbred lines away from Svevo ? Zavitan within the 11 surroundings inside the Israel and China.
Table 1. Studies out of variance and estimate regarding wide-sense heritability out-of illness form of (IT) and you will disease severity (DS) one of recombinant inbred traces of Svevo and Zavitan looked at during the Asia and you can Israel into the 2016 in order to 2018